Familie van Pinxteren - en vele anderen...

<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" style="font-size: 1.8em; overflow: visible; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; border-bottom: #a2a9b1 1px solid; text-transform: none; font-weight: normal; color: #000000; font-style: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.3; text-indent: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; padding: 0px;" lang="en">Arnoald</h1>; text-transform: none; font-weight: normal; color: #222222; font-style: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; z-index: 0; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.6; text-indent: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">block;">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>p;</div>d<span>&nbsp;</span><strong>Arnoldus</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>or<span>&nbsp;</span><strong>Arnual</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>(c. 540/560 &ndash; c. 611), was a<span>&nbsp;</span><a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Bishop of Metz" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Metz">Bishop of Metz</a><span>&nbsp;</span>between 601 and 609 or 611, the successor of his uncle<span>&nbsp;</span><a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Agilulf, Bishop of Metz" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agilulf,_Bishop_of_Metz">Agilulf</a>. He was the son of<span>&nbsp;</span><a style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Ansbertus" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansbertus">Ansbertus</a>, a<span>&nbsp;</span><a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Senator" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senator">Senator</a>, and his wife Blithilde.</p> <h2 style="font-size: 1.5em; overflow: hidden; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; border-bottom: #a2a9b1 1px solid; font-weight: normal; color: #000000; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; line-height: 1.3; padding: 0px;"><span id="Life" class="mw-headline">Life</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-size: small; font-family: sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; display: inline-block; line-height: 1em; user-select: none;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Edit section: Life" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arnoald&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></h2>Virtually no information survives concerning the acts of Arnoald prior to his becoming Bishop of Metz or during his occupation of the episcopal seat. From<span>&nbsp;</span><a style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Paul the Deacon" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_the_Deacon">Paul the Deacon</a><span>&nbsp;</span>we learn that he was Roman and of senatorial extraction suggesting that he came from one of the families in southern Gaul whose members had held senatorial rank during the empire.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">The<span>&nbsp;</span><em>Commemoratio Genealogiae Domni Karoli Glorissimi Imperatoris</em>, clearly incorrect in some respects (see below), suggests strongly that Arnoald was one of the Ferreoli, a family dating from the 4th century who were based in the Midi but appear to have switched their loyalties from the Visigothic Kingdom to the Frankish Kingdom of<span>&nbsp;</span><a style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Austrasia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrasia">Austrasia</a><span>&nbsp;</span>with its capital at Metz during the two decades following the<span>&nbsp;</span><a style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Battle of Vouill&eacute;" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vouill%C3%A9">Battle of Vouill&eacute;</a><span>&nbsp;</span>in 507. Modern arguments have been made that this relationship was invented by contemporaries to give the Carolingians a Roman pedigree. However this is unlikely to have been the case inasmuch as (a) the Ferreoli, though significant, were far from the senior senatorial family in Gaul and (b) it would have been too easy for the Carolingians to obtain whatever Roman bloodline they wished legitimately by marrying into remnants of those families.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">Still the interest taken by the Austrasians in the Ferreoli is enigmatic and significant and may have to do with their potential use in a conquest of Visigothic Septimania. Several members of the family were elevated to the rank of Patrician (senior Roman official) of Provence during the 6th century. Arnoald's acquisition of the bishopric of Metz is unsurprising inasmuch as his uncle Agilulf had held it. The reason Agilulf was granted the position is more obscure. There do not appear to be any predecessors of this family in the bishopric of Metz which prior to 590 was not important enough to warrant a single mention from<span>&nbsp;</span><a style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Gregory of Tours" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours">Gregory of Tours</a>. Prior to Agilulf, the most powerful bishops in the Austrasian kingdom were<span>&nbsp;</span><a style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Egidius (bishop of Reims)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egidius_(bishop_of_Reims)">Egidius of Rheims</a><span>&nbsp;</span>and Gregory of Tours.</p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">Egidius was convicted of treason in 590 and the rise of the Bishops of Metz from that time certainly is in part due to those events. Even after these events, Metz cannot truly be said to have become the most powerful bishopric until the time of<span>&nbsp;</span><a style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Arnulf of Metz" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulf_of_Metz">Arnulf</a>. It is of some interest that the name of the diplomatically adept deacon of Gregory of Tours in 590 was also an Agilulf.</p> <h2 style="font-size: 1.5em; overflow: hidden; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; border-bottom: #a2a9b1 1px solid; font-weight: normal; color: #000000; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; line-height: 1.3; padding: 0px;"><span id="Relation_to_St._Arnulf_of_Metz" class="mw-headline">Relation to St. Arnulf of Metz</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-size: small; font-family: sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; display: inline-block; line-height: 1em; user-select: none;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Edit section: Relation to St. Arnulf of Metz" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arnoald&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></h2>inally in the early 9th century states that<span>&nbsp;</span><a style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Arnulf of Metz" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulf_of_Metz">Arnulf of Metz</a><span>&nbsp;</span>was the son of predecessor Arnoaldus of Metz, himself a son of Ansbertus and thus the Ferreoli of the Midi. J. Depoin in "Grand Figures Monacales Du Temps Merovingiens. St Arnoul de Metz, Etudes de Critique Historique"<span>&nbsp;</span><em>Revue Mabillon</em><span>&nbsp;</span>21, (1921) observed that chronologically and for other reasons - Arnulf was identified as a Frank in contemporary documents whereas Arnoald was identified by<span>&nbsp;</span><a style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Paul the Deacon" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_the_Deacon">Paul the Deacon</a><span>&nbsp;</span>as a Roman<span>&nbsp;</span><em>ex nobilia senatorum familia orto</em>- this construction was incorrect and proposed an alternative to the effect that Arnulf's father was<span>&nbsp;</span><a style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Bodegisel" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodegisel">Bodegisel</a>, based in significant part on the<span>&nbsp;</span><em>Vita Gundolphi</em>.<span>&nbsp;</span><a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="David Humiston Kelley" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Humiston_Kelley">David Humiston Kelley</a><span>&nbsp;</span>then proposed that Arnoaldus was likely an ancestor of the Carolingians through a daughter<span>&nbsp;</span><a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Itta" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itta">Itta</a>, wife of<span>&nbsp;</span><a style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Pepin of Landen" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_of_Landen">Pepin of Landen</a>.<span>&nbsp;</span><a style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Christian Settipani" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Settipani">Christian Settipani</a><span>&nbsp;</span>carefully revisited and expanded upon the work of Depoin and Kelley. He concurred in Arnulf's descent from Bodegisel instead of Arnoald, and that there was a connection between the Ripuarian Frankish royal house and the Carolingians but argued (without dismissing the possibility of Itta's being Arnoald's daughter) that there was a connection through Arnulf's wife,<span>&nbsp;</span><a class="new" style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #a55858;" title="Doda Ferreol (page does not exist)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doda_Ferreol&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Doda</a><span>&nbsp;</span>who he posited as a daughter of Arnoald. Kelly considered Settipani's proposed connection between the Carolingians and Arnoald and regarded it as probable.</p> <h2 style="font-size: 1.5em; overflow: hidden; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; border-bottom: #a2a9b1 1px solid; font-weight: normal; color: #000000; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; line-height: 1.3; padding: 0px;"><span id="References_and_citations" class="mw-headline">References and citations</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-size: small; font-family: sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; display: inline-block; line-height: 1em; user-select: none;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Edit section: References and citations" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arnoald&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></h2>/svg%22 version=%221.1%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229.5%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%2300528c%22/%3E%0A%3C/svg%3E%0A); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;"> style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a style="text-decoration: none; background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Christian Settipani" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Settipani">Christian Settipani</a>, Les Anc&ecirc;tres de Charlemagne (France: &Eacute;ditions Christian, 1989).</li>: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="Christian Settipani" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Settipani">Christian Settipani</a>, Continuite Gentilice et Continuite Familiale Dans Les Familles Senatoriales Romaines A L'epoque Imperiale, Mythe et Realite, Addenda I - III (juillet 2000- octobre 2002) (n.p.: Prosopographica et Genealogica, 2002).</li>argin-bottom: 0.1em;">Various Monumenta Germaniae Historica (Leipzig: Verlag Karl W. Hiersemann, 1923-1925).</li> background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; color: #0b0080;" title="David Humiston Kelley" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Humiston_Kelley">David Humiston Kelley</a>, "A New Consideration of the Carolingians," The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. 101 (1947)</li>;val, 2000, Settipani and K.S.B. Keats-Rohan, editors</li>e critique historique",<span>&nbsp;</span><em>Revue Mabillon</em>, 1921, p.&nbsp;245-258, et 1922, p.&nbsp;13-25.</li>